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The key to unlocking your full potential Providing an evidence base for clinical practice and a platform for professional development V o l u m e 2 8 N u m b e r 1 5 NOW WITH EVEN MORE CLINICAL CONTENT THE ONLY FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL NURSES P a g e s 9 5 7 – 1 0 4 0 8 A u g u s t 2 0 1 9 – 1 1 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 FOCUS Continence NOW WITH EVEN MORE CLINICAL CONTENT THE ONLY FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL NURSES FOCUS IV Therapy Respiratory care SUPPLEMENT B r i t i s h J o u r n a l o f N u r s i n g Carrying out systematic literature reviews: an introduction Palliative care after the Liverpool Care Pathway: a study of staff experiences Non-medical practitioner roles in the UK: who. where and what factors influence their development? Higher degrees in nursing: traditional research PhD or professional doctorate? £4.99 Vo Volume 28 Number 15 REFLUX ◆ PEAK FLOW ◆ ◆ ORAL CARE ◆ PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ◆ LEUKAEMIA £4.99 Volume 28 Number 14 COMPRESSION Subscribe from £13.75 per month British Journal of Nursing (BJN) is an essential resource for any practising nurse. Every fortnight it shares the latest best practice across a range of clinical areas, alongside professional guidance central to your role. Subscriptions include complete access to our online archive. With more than 9,000 articles dating back to 1992, it is the UK’s leading source of peer-reviewed nursing information. www.magsubscriptions.com/bjn 0800 137 201 (UK only) | +44 (0)1722 716997 (Overseas) Includes 30-day money back guarantee. Monthly subscriptions start from £13.75. Annual subscriptions start from £147.00. Premium subscriptions include access to CPD Launchpad. P&P included for UK-based subscribers only.
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EDITORIAL Editor in Chief Ian Peate Editor Sophie Gardner sophie.gardner@markallengroup.com Subeditors Carolyn Crawley carolyn.crawley@markallengroup.com Janet Perham janet.perham@markallengroup.com Vicqui Stuart-Jones vicqui.stuart-jones@markallengroup.com Clinical Series Editor Barry Hill Commerical Manager Nicholas Barlow nicholas.barlow@markallengroup.com Circulation Director Sally Boettcher sally.boettcher@markallengroup.com MedEd Manager Tracy Cowan tracy.cowan@markallengroup.com Production Manager Kyri Apostolou Production Assistant Larry Oakes Designer Hal Bannister Publishing Director Andrew Iafrati andrew.iafrati@markallengroup.com Managing Director Anthony Kerr Chief Executive Officer Ben Allen UK PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES Quarterly Direct Debit £47 Annual Direct Debit £184 Annual Credit Card £194 2yr Annual Credit Card £330 3yr Annual Credit Card £466 Subscribe online: www.magsubscriptions.com, Subscribe by phone: +44 (0) 1722 716997 Contact: institutions@markallengroup.com for institutional pricing Part of www.markallengroup.com British Journal of Nursing is published by MA Healthcare Ltd, St Jude’s Church, Dulwich Road, London SE24 0PB Tel: 020 7738 5454 Editorial: 020 7501 6702 Sales: 020 7501 6732 Email: bjn@markallengroup.com Websites: www.britishjournalofnursing.com td Healthcare L 2022 MA © © MA Healthcare Ltd, 2022. All rights reserved. No part of British Journal of Nursing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. Please read our privacy policy, by visiting http:// privacypolicy.markallengroup.com. This will explain how we process, use & safeguard your data British Journal of Nursing is a double-blind, peerreviewed journal. It is indexed on the main databases, including the International Nursing Index, Medline and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or British Journal of Nursing. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 0966 – 0461 Print: Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Distribution: Comag Distribution, West Drayton, UB7 7QE Cover picture: Adobe Stock Children’s mental health needs Ian Peate FRCN OBE, Editor in Chief, British Journal of Nursing Supporting the wellbeing of our children and young people is in all of our best interests, particularly as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic.This interest in child and young person wellbeing must come from everyone: nurses, health and social care services, government, schools and colleges, parents and families, communities and employers. All parties have to reflect and build upon current provision as they strive to deliver better wellbeing outcomes for all of our children and young people. Supporting the wellbeing of children and young people has been a focus for nurses for many decades. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the significance of providing this support, which is key as plans are made for recovery. The number of children referred by their GP or teacher, for example, to NHS children’s mental health services has, for the first time in 4 years, decreased. A referral was made, in 2020/2021, for 497 502 children, this is a decrease from 539 000 the previous year (Children’s Commissioner, 2022).This decrease could be attributed to disruptions in service provision due to the pandemic. Since 2017, more children have been struggling with their mental health (this covers the pandemic period). One in six children now has a possible mental health disorder, which is an increase from one in nine children in 2017 (Children’s Commissioner, 2022). There has been some progress made to reduce the treatment gap between those children who need treatment and what is provided.The increase in need makes the provision of services and offering services in a more timely manner challenging. Only around a third of children (32%) with a probable mental health disorder are able to access treatment (Children’s Commissioner, 2022). The pandemic has continued to impact the lives of children and young people over the past 2 years as they have had to adjust to living with ongoing uncertainty, lockdowns and changes in restrictions. Subjects ranging from the Black Lives Matter movement, an increase in reports of sexual violence towards women, the ongoing emphasis on the environment and climate change are among the most reported concerns for children and young people (Children’s Commissioner, 2021;The Children’s Society, 2021; Department for Education, 2022). There are other concerns, such as the invasion of Ukraine, which will have a direct and indirect impact. Although children and young people may be less at risk of becoming seriously ill or dying with COVID-19, they are still victims, collateral damage. The cost of COVID-19 will be felt by children and young people for many years to come as a result of lockdowns, difficulty accessing education, seeing friends and engaging in hobbies (essential for social development and wellbeing), and accessing services. They have also experienced death and dying. For those who already experience mental health issues such as anxiety or depression, the pandemic is likely to have exacerbated these conditions and there will be others who are experiencing mental health issues for the first time. Taken together, all these point to a youth mental health crisis on the horizon, if it has not arrived already.There has to be an increasing focus on public health within primary care and general practice, with the availability of a wider range of mind/body approaches.The physical, mental and social health needs of children and young people will only become the focus of all schools when each school has a fulltime nurse, with nurses sitting on every governing board as a minimum.This investment in nurses will pay dividends as healing takes place in our schools. There is still more work to be done to ensure that every young person receives the support that they require for their mental health and wellbeing. BJN Children’s Commissioner.The big answer. 2021. https://tinyurl. com/2p8kncf9 (accessed 3 August 2022) Children’s Commissioner. Children’s mental health services 2020/21. 2022. https://tinyurl.com/244f8wnp (accessed 3 August 2022) The Children’s Society.The good childhood report 2021. 2021. https://tinyurl.com/44uc98b2 (accessed 3 August 2022) Department for Education. State of the nation 2021: children and young people’s wellbeing research report. 2022. https://tinyurl. com/579w6nw8 (accessed 3 August 2022) British Journal of Nursing, 2022, Vol 31, No 15 767

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EDITORIAL

Editor in Chief Ian Peate Editor Sophie Gardner sophie.gardner@markallengroup.com Subeditors Carolyn Crawley carolyn.crawley@markallengroup.com Janet Perham janet.perham@markallengroup.com Vicqui Stuart-Jones vicqui.stuart-jones@markallengroup.com Clinical Series Editor Barry Hill Commerical Manager Nicholas Barlow nicholas.barlow@markallengroup.com Circulation Director Sally Boettcher sally.boettcher@markallengroup.com MedEd Manager Tracy Cowan tracy.cowan@markallengroup.com Production Manager Kyri Apostolou Production Assistant Larry Oakes Designer Hal Bannister Publishing Director Andrew Iafrati andrew.iafrati@markallengroup.com Managing Director Anthony Kerr Chief Executive Officer Ben Allen

UK PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES Quarterly Direct Debit £47 Annual Direct Debit £184 Annual Credit Card £194 2yr Annual Credit Card £330 3yr Annual Credit Card £466 Subscribe online: www.magsubscriptions.com, Subscribe by phone: +44 (0) 1722 716997 Contact: institutions@markallengroup.com for institutional pricing

Part of www.markallengroup.com

British Journal of Nursing is published by MA Healthcare Ltd, St Jude’s Church, Dulwich Road, London SE24 0PB Tel: 020 7738 5454 Editorial: 020 7501 6702 Sales: 020 7501 6732 Email: bjn@markallengroup.com Websites: www.britishjournalofnursing.com td

Healthcare L

2022 MA

©

© MA Healthcare Ltd, 2022. All rights reserved. No part of British Journal of Nursing may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishing Director. Please read our privacy policy, by visiting http:// privacypolicy.markallengroup.com. This will explain how we process, use & safeguard your data British Journal of Nursing is a double-blind, peerreviewed journal. It is indexed on the main databases, including the International Nursing Index, Medline and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the editor or British Journal of Nursing. Advertisements in the journal do not imply endorsement of the products or services advertised. ISSN 0966 – 0461 Print: Pensord Press Ltd, Blackwood, NP12 2YA Distribution: Comag Distribution, West Drayton, UB7 7QE Cover picture: Adobe Stock

Children’s mental health needs Ian Peate FRCN OBE, Editor in Chief, British Journal of Nursing

Supporting the wellbeing of our children and young people is in all of our best interests, particularly as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic.This interest in child and young person wellbeing must come from everyone: nurses, health and social care services, government, schools and colleges, parents and families, communities and employers. All parties have to reflect and build upon current provision as they strive to deliver better wellbeing outcomes for all of our children and young people.

Supporting the wellbeing of children and young people has been a focus for nurses for many decades. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the significance of providing this support, which is key as plans are made for recovery.

The number of children referred by their GP or teacher, for example, to NHS children’s mental health services has, for the first time in 4 years, decreased. A referral was made, in 2020/2021, for 497 502 children, this is a decrease from 539 000 the previous year (Children’s Commissioner, 2022).This decrease could be attributed to disruptions in service provision due to the pandemic. Since 2017, more children have been struggling with their mental health (this covers the pandemic period). One in six children now has a possible mental health disorder, which is an increase from one in nine children in 2017 (Children’s Commissioner, 2022).

There has been some progress made to reduce the treatment gap between those children who need treatment and what is provided.The increase in need makes the provision of services and offering services in a more timely manner challenging. Only around a third of children (32%) with a probable mental health disorder are able to access treatment (Children’s Commissioner, 2022).

The pandemic has continued to impact the lives of children and young people over the past 2 years as they have had to adjust to living with ongoing uncertainty, lockdowns and changes in restrictions. Subjects ranging from the Black Lives Matter movement, an increase in reports of sexual violence towards women, the ongoing emphasis on the environment and climate change are among the most reported concerns for children and young people (Children’s Commissioner, 2021;The Children’s Society, 2021; Department for Education, 2022). There are other concerns, such as the invasion of Ukraine, which will have a direct and indirect impact.

Although children and young people may be less at risk of becoming seriously ill or dying with COVID-19, they are still victims, collateral damage. The cost of COVID-19 will be felt by children and young people for many years to come as a result of lockdowns, difficulty accessing education, seeing friends and engaging in hobbies (essential for social development and wellbeing), and accessing services. They have also experienced death and dying.

For those who already experience mental health issues such as anxiety or depression, the pandemic is likely to have exacerbated these conditions and there will be others who are experiencing mental health issues for the first time.

Taken together, all these point to a youth mental health crisis on the horizon, if it has not arrived already.There has to be an increasing focus on public health within primary care and general practice, with the availability of a wider range of mind/body approaches.The physical, mental and social health needs of children and young people will only become the focus of all schools when each school has a fulltime nurse, with nurses sitting on every governing board as a minimum.This investment in nurses will pay dividends as healing takes place in our schools. There is still more work to be done to ensure that every young person receives the support that they require for their mental health and wellbeing. BJN Children’s Commissioner.The big answer. 2021. https://tinyurl.

com/2p8kncf9 (accessed 3 August 2022) Children’s Commissioner. Children’s mental health services 2020/21.

2022. https://tinyurl.com/244f8wnp (accessed 3 August 2022) The Children’s Society.The good childhood report 2021. 2021.

https://tinyurl.com/44uc98b2 (accessed 3 August 2022) Department for Education. State of the nation 2021: children and young people’s wellbeing research report. 2022. https://tinyurl. com/579w6nw8 (accessed 3 August 2022)

British Journal of Nursing, 2022, Vol 31, No 15

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