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Contents January/February 2024 • Issue 140 ruary 2024 • Issue 140 20 32 FE ATUR ES 12 BREAKING MA’AT The ‘heretic pharaoh’ Akhenaten was determined to sweep away the rules and conventions that had been the basis of ancient Egyptian civilisation for centuries, as Jason S Whitmarsh explains. 20 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SURGERY Rosalie David and Roger Forshaw examine the efficacy of the surgical procedures that were carried out by ancient Egyptians. 28 PYRAMID MAN: CHARLES PIAZZI SMYTH John J Taylor recounts the scientific achievements and extraordinary beliefs of an Astronomer Royal for Scotland who went on to invent the ‘pyramid inch’. 32 CLEOPATRA III: THE FEMALE KING Continuing his series on the later Ptolemaic queens, Lloyd LlewellynJones examines the life and times of the ruthlessly ambitious Cleopatra III. 40 CARTER’S LINEN TUNIC Rachel Cotton describes a very rare item of clothing discovered by Howard Carter in 1909 – a bagtunic dating to the Third Intermediate Period. r 12 12 5500 BC 3000 BC Predynastic Period Archaic Period 2500 BC 2000 BC 1st Intermediate Period 1500 BC 2nd Intermediate Period 1000 BC 1000 BC 1000 BC 1000 BC 1000 BC 3rd Intermediate Period Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 7-10 DYNASTIES 1 2 34 5 6 11 12 13-14 15-17 18 19 20 21 22-24 4 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2024
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R EGUL AR S 6 NEWS The latest from the Egyptological world, summarised by Sarah Griffiths. 10 MILESTONES IN EGYPTOLOGY The rescue of Abu Simbel Dylan Bickerstaffe describes how two massive temples were saved from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. 46 HILARY WILSON ON… the sidelock of youth Who wore this iconic hairstyle and what was its significance? 50 OUT AND ABOUT… The Royal Road to Meroë Karl Harris continues his expedition through Sudan, travelling to view the pyramids of Meroë. Exhibitions round-up 50 58 BOOK REVIEWS 62 READERS’ LETTERS 63 COMPETITION AND COMING ATTRACTIONS 65 HOW TO SUBSCRIBE 66 OBJECT HIGHLIGHT For this issue Campbell Price describes a ‘hypocephalus’ – a small disc of cartonnage placed under the head of a mummy. 500 BC BC AD Ptolemaic Period 500 AD L at e Period Roman Period 27-30 25-26 I S S U E 14 0 LOCATIONS IN THIS ISSUE… Mediterranean Sea Alexandria Canopus Pelusium Site of Thonis-Heracleion Moderncityof Alexandria Abu Qir Bay Lake Idku Fayum Leontopolis Heliopolis Cairo Fustat Giza Saqqara Abusir Lebanon Ptolemaïs-Ake Damascus Syria Gaza Jordan Israel Hermopolis Magna Tuna el-Gebel Amarna Antinoöpolis Egypt Abydos Nag el-Deir Dendera Red Sea Esna Luxor Elkab Edfu Kom Ombo Aswan Philae Elephantine Dabod Beit el-Wali Dendur Dakka Adulis (Punt?) Abu Simbel Deir el-Bahri Deir el-Medina 0 2km River Nile INSET TOP (LEFT) Detail of the Alexandria coastal region INSET TOP (RIGHT) Map of the Levant in the Ptolemaic era INSET ABOVE Detailed map of the Theban area RIGHT Detailed map of the Nubia area MAPS Peter Robinson Karnak Temple Egypt Lake Nasser 1st Cataract Aswan 2nd Cataract Upper Nubia (Kush) 3rd Cataract Dukki Gel Kerma Pnubs 4th Cataract Gebel Barkal Karima Bayuda Desert 5th Cataract Sudan km 0 200 6th Cataract Meroë Naqa Musawwarat es-Sufra Khartoum 5

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Contents

January/February 2024 • Issue 140

ruary 2024 • Issue 140

20

32

FE ATUR ES

12 BREAKING MA’AT The ‘heretic pharaoh’ Akhenaten was determined to sweep away the rules and conventions that had been the basis of ancient Egyptian civilisation for centuries, as Jason S Whitmarsh explains.

20 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SURGERY Rosalie David and Roger Forshaw examine the efficacy of the surgical procedures that were carried out by ancient Egyptians.

28 PYRAMID MAN: CHARLES PIAZZI SMYTH John J Taylor recounts the scientific achievements and extraordinary beliefs of an Astronomer Royal for Scotland who went on to invent the ‘pyramid inch’.

32 CLEOPATRA III: THE FEMALE KING Continuing his series on the later Ptolemaic queens, Lloyd LlewellynJones examines the life and times of the ruthlessly ambitious Cleopatra III.

40 CARTER’S LINEN TUNIC Rachel Cotton describes a very rare item of clothing discovered by Howard Carter in 1909 – a bagtunic dating to the Third Intermediate Period.

r

12

12

5500 BC

3000 BC

Predynastic Period Archaic Period

2500 BC

2000 BC

1st Intermediate

Period

1500 BC

2nd Intermediate

Period

1000 BC 1000 BC

1000 BC 1000 BC

1000 BC 3rd Intermediate

Period

Old Kingdom

Middle Kingdom

New Kingdom

7-10

DYNASTIES 1 2 34 5 6 11 12

13-14 15-17

18 19 20 21 22-24

4

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2024

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