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CONTENTS I S S U E 414 (Vol.X X X V, N o . 6) ❙ September 2024 46 FEATURES 20 UNDERGROUND, OVERGROUND Excavating an Iron Age fogou and Romano-British remains at Boden A long-running community excavation in south Cornwall has been exploring a network of Iron Age tunnels, Bronze Age roundhouses, and unusual Romano-British activity in the area. 28 BIRDOSWALD AND BEYOND Investigating an extramural settlement on Hadrian’s Wall For the last four years, archaeologists have been exploring the civilian settlement surrounding Birdoswald Roman for t . With the final digging season now at an end, how has the stor y developed? 30 FROM STRONGHOLD TO STEEL CITY Uncovering the ‘birthplace of Sheffield’ Recent archaeological work in central Sheffield has revealed long-buried traces of the city’s medieval castle, as well as remains relating to its influential industrial past. ial past. 52 past. 52 36 20 36 ORCHARDS IN ENGLAND: A LANDSCAPE HISTORY A f ruitful wander through the agriculture of the past A new book explores the development of orchards from across England, investigating their evolution from the Middle Ages to the present day. 46 ILLUMINATING ANGLESEY Echoes of a later prehistoric ritualised landscape at Bedd y Foel A sur vey of Pen y Foel, an unassuming hillock on Anglesey, has documented evidence of a previously unrecorded ceremonial landscape surrounding the remains of a Neolithic dolmen at Bedd y Foel. 52 STONEHENGE AND THE MOON Exploring a Neolithic monument’s lunar links An ongoing project at Stonehenge is investigating whether a once-in-a-generation lunar event may have influenced some aspects of the monument's design. 4 SEPTEMBER 2024 18
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CONTENTS 1313 13 8 UPFRONT 3 EDITOR’S LETTER 6 LETTERS Your comments, complaints, and compliments 8 NEWS Geophysical s r ey identifies two o an illas near Wroxeter; Roman horse-changing station uncovered in Gloucestershire; Exploring Fife’s spiritual home o whisky at indores bbey nside the inds o 18th-century guards at Dover Castle; Medieval gra e slabs li ted ro ngland s oldest shipwreck Science Notes; ‘Cardiff’s oldest house’ stood over an even earlier structure; Finds Tray 14 NEWS FOCUS E ca ations ha e ret rned to tton oo, where an nglo- a on ce etery that pre-dates the ational r st site s a o s royal b rial gro nd is gi ing p its secrets 16 COMMENT Joe Flatman excavates the CA archive 18 CONTEXT Commanding the coast: Pendinas hillfort, Cardigan Bay 60 59 60 61 10 CULTURE 56 REVIEWS Rushen Abbey, Isle of Man: a hundred years of research and excavation; Picts, Gaels and Scots: early historic Scotland; Wicked Problems for Archaeologists; The Lost Paths; Contemplating Calanais; 50 Finds from Childhood: objects from the Portable Antiquities Scheme 59 EXHIBITION Six Lives at the ational ortrait allery, ondon 60 MUSEUM M se o ornish i e a new archaeology display 61 MUSEUM NEWS The latest on ac isitions, e hibitions, and key decisions 62 LISTINGS O r selection o e hibitions and e ents, as well as historical, archaeological, and c lt ral reso rces ro aro nd the world that are a ailable online 64 SHERDS Chris Catling’s irreverent take on heritage issues 66 ODD SOCS The Hymn Society of Great Britain and Ireland ON THE COVER Moonrise at Stonehenge during the 2024 Major nar tandstill CREDIT: English Heritage/ ndré Pattenden 4 1 4 S e p t e m b e r Issue 414 ❙ September 2024 ❙ £5.95 THE UK’S BEST-SELLING ARCHAEOLOGY MAGAZINE B o d e n B i r d o s w a l d S h e f fi e l d C a s t l e E n g l i s h o r c h a r d s B e d d y F o e l , A n g l e s e y S t o n e h e n g e a n d t h e m o o n Stonehenge and the moon Stonehenge and the moon Exploring a Neolithic monument’s lunar links Exploring a Neolithic monument’s lunar links PLUS Rediscovering Sheffield Castle ❙ Excavating civilian life at Birdoswald Investigating underground in Iron Age Cornwall ❙ .95 £5 ❙ 414 Issue I S SU E 414 5

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CONTENTS

I S S U E 414 (Vol.X X X V, N o . 6) ❙ September 2024

46

FEATURES

20 UNDERGROUND, OVERGROUND

Excavating an Iron Age fogou and Romano-British remains at Boden A long-running community excavation in south Cornwall has been exploring a network of Iron Age tunnels, Bronze Age roundhouses, and unusual Romano-British activity in the area.

28 BIRDOSWALD AND BEYOND

Investigating an extramural settlement on Hadrian’s Wall For the last four years, archaeologists have been exploring the civilian settlement surrounding Birdoswald Roman for t . With the final digging season now at an end, how has the stor y developed?

30 FROM STRONGHOLD TO STEEL CITY

Uncovering the ‘birthplace of Sheffield’ Recent archaeological work in central Sheffield has revealed long-buried traces of the city’s medieval castle, as well as remains relating to its influential industrial past.

ial past.

52 past. 52

36

20

36 ORCHARDS IN ENGLAND:

A LANDSCAPE HISTORY A f ruitful wander through the agriculture of the past A new book explores the development of orchards from across England, investigating their evolution from the Middle Ages to the present day.

46 ILLUMINATING ANGLESEY

Echoes of a later prehistoric ritualised landscape at Bedd y Foel A sur vey of Pen y Foel, an unassuming hillock on Anglesey, has documented evidence of a previously unrecorded ceremonial landscape surrounding the remains of a Neolithic dolmen at Bedd y Foel.

52 STONEHENGE AND

THE MOON Exploring a Neolithic monument’s lunar links An ongoing project at Stonehenge is investigating whether a once-in-a-generation lunar event may have influenced some aspects of the monument's design.

4

SEPTEMBER 2024

18

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