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CONTENTS I S SUE 419 (Vol.X X X V, N o . 11) ❙ Febr uar y 2025 40 FEATURES 18 FIELDS OF GOLD Understanding the Snettisham Hoards The Snettisham Treasure comprises at least 14 caches of Iron Age metalwork recovered from a single Norfolk field. What have years of conservation and analysis revealed about this unique collection? 26 VANISHED VOICES? Tracing female experiences and aspirations in medieval England and Wales Medieval women are often stereotyped as leading limited lives, but archival and archaeological evidence provide a more nuanced view. 36 UNDER THE INFIRMARY Revealing the secrets of medieval Berwick An excavation in Berwick-upon-Tweed has revealed previously unknown parts of its 13th-century defences and echoes of its medieval inhabitants. 40 HOPPING THROUGH THE HISTORY OF OAST HOUSES From 19th-century brewing sites to luxurious living spaces We examine the buildings used to dry hops for British beer production, and explore their architectural afterlife. 48 ICENI UPDATES Expanding our understanding of Venta Icenorum Drawing on a summer site visit, we share the latest news from the Caistor Roman Project and its excavations outside the walls of Roman East Anglia’s most important town. 52 SEARCHING FOR SEVERUS Did a Roman emperor visit Carlisle? CA 418 reported on the excavation of a lavish Roman building with possible links to Septimius Severus. This month, we consider historical evidence for the emperor’s activities in northern Britain. 26 6 48 52 52 4 Current Archaeology FEBRUARY 2025
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8 6 CONTENTS - UPFRONT 3 EDITOR’S LETTER 6 LETTERS Your comments, complaints, and compliments 8 NEWS Traces of Glencoe Massacre revealed at Achnacon; Medieval mass burial found outside Leicester Catwhedral; Tracing the international food trade of Iron Age Ireland; Roman fort revealed in Pembrokeshire?; Section of Watling Street uncovered in London; Science Notes; Chalke Valley’s first-known Roman villa revealed; Finds Tray 14 COMMENT Joe Flatman excavates the CA archive 16 CONTEXT Digital data: Fishbourne Roman Palace 57 58 I S SU E 419 64 12 CULTURE 54 REVIEWS 1313 13 Building on the Past: archaeological investigations on the N2/M2 Finglas to Ashbourne road project; Church Going: a stonemason’s guide to the churches of the British Isles; A Date with the Two Cerne Giants: reinvestigating an iconic British hill figure; An Irish Civil War Dugout: Tormore Cave, County Sligo – archaeology, history, memory; British Pottery: the first 3,000 years – ceramic art in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age; The Rother Valley 57 MUSEUM NEWS The latest on acquisitions, exhibitions, and key decisions 58 LISTINGS Our selection of exhibitions and events, as well as historical, archaeological, and cultural resources from around the world that are available online 60 CONFERENCE The latest details of Current Archaeology Live 2025, including the nominees for our annual awards 64 SHERDS Chris Catling’s irreverent take on heritage issues 66 ODD SOCS The Chance Heritage Trust ON THE COVER Snettisham’s Hoard L, shown during excavation in 1990 CREDIT © The Trustees of the British Museum 4 1 9 F e b r u a r y Issue 419 ❙ February 2025 ❙ £5.95 S n e t t i s h a m h o a r d s M e d i e v a l w o m e n B e r w i c k i n fi r m a r y O a s t h o u s e s C a i s t o r S t E d m u n d S e p t i m i u s S e v e r u s THE UK’S BEST-SELLING ARCHAEOLOGY MAGAZINE Secrets of Snettisham ecrets of Snettisham Secrets of Snettisham ecrets of Snettisham Exploring a unique Exploring a unique Iron Age collection Iron Age collection Exploring a unique Exploring a unique Iron Age collection Iron Age collection PLUSPLUS Encountering the Iceni ❙ Illuminating the experiences of medieval women Investigating the history of oast houses ❙ .95 £5 ❙ 419 Issue Current Archaeology 5

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CONTENTS

I S SUE 419 (Vol.X X X V, N o . 11) ❙ Febr uar y 2025

40

FEATURES

18 FIELDS OF GOLD

Understanding the Snettisham Hoards The Snettisham Treasure comprises at least 14 caches of Iron Age metalwork recovered from a single Norfolk field. What have years of conservation and analysis revealed about this unique collection?

26 VANISHED VOICES?

Tracing female experiences and aspirations in medieval England and Wales Medieval women are often stereotyped as leading limited lives, but archival and archaeological evidence provide a more nuanced view.

36 UNDER THE INFIRMARY

Revealing the secrets of medieval Berwick An excavation in Berwick-upon-Tweed has revealed previously unknown parts of its 13th-century defences and echoes of its medieval inhabitants.

40 HOPPING THROUGH THE

HISTORY OF OAST HOUSES From 19th-century brewing sites to luxurious living spaces We examine the buildings used to dry hops for British beer production, and explore their architectural afterlife.

48 ICENI UPDATES

Expanding our understanding of Venta Icenorum Drawing on a summer site visit, we share the latest news from the Caistor Roman Project and its excavations outside the walls of Roman East Anglia’s most important town.

52 SEARCHING FOR SEVERUS

Did a Roman emperor visit Carlisle? CA 418 reported on the excavation of a lavish Roman building with possible links to Septimius Severus. This month, we consider historical evidence for the emperor’s activities in northern Britain.

26

6

48

52

52

4

Current Archaeology

FEBRUARY 2025

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