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currentcurrent archaeologycurrent CONTENTS i ssue 318 (Vol.XXVII, No.6) | September 2016 I s s u e I s s u e 3 1 8 | 3 1 8 | S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 6 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 6 current current THE UK’S BEST SELLING ARCHAEOLOGY MAGAZINE September 2016 September 2016 Issue 318 | £4.50 Issue 318 | £4.50 C a r d i g a n B a y h i l l f o r t s | C a r d i g a n B a y h i l l f o r t s | G r e a t Fi r e o f L o n d o n | R u d y a r d L a k e b r a k e c o a c h | G r e a t Fi r e o f L o n d o n | R u d y a r d L a k e b r a k e c o a c h | N e o l i t h i c h o u s e s i n N e o l i t h i c h o u s e s i n O r k n e y | O r k n e y | D o m e s t i c c a t s D o m e s t i c c a t s Prehistoric Orkney www.archaeology.co.ukwww.archaeology.co.uk www.archaeology.co.uk A tale of two Neolithics? A tale of two Neolithics? UP FRONT Letters Your comments, complaints, and compliments 4 4 News Rare Roman belt buckle found in Leicester burial; Site of King Harold’s 1066 death relocated; Roman signals at Whirlow Hall Farm; Neolithic figurine rediscovered in Orkney; Extending the Roman frontier at Ipplepen; Vindolanda yields barrel of finds; Cannonball finds shoot for Pontefract’s past; Recording the Formby footprints; Scotland’s earliest known farming; Darwin’s bedroom restored 6 6 FEATURES COMMANDING THE LANDSCAPE 12 The hillforts of Cardigan Bay The mid Wales landscape is home to more than 100 atypical hillforts. How were these unusual monuments built? And what was their purpose – defence or display? FIRE! FIRE! 20 How London burned in 1666 To mark 350 years since fire broke out in Pudding Lane, the Museum of London is staging a major exhibition examining how events unfolded. What light can the archaeological evidence shed on the historical accounts of those infernal days? A VICTORIAN MISSING LINK Excavating the Rudyard Lake brake coach We take a look at how the discovery of a vandalised holiday chalet is helping a local railway charity get an accessible heritage train on the tracks. 26 A TALE OF TWO NEOLITHICS? 30 Investigating the evolution of house societies in Orkney What do the findings from the Cuween-Wideford Landscape Project reveal about the Orcadian Neolithic? Was there an abrupt break between distinct ‘early’ and ‘late’ phases or a gentler transition between the two? OF MOUSERS AND MEN he archaeology of the domestic cat cats are one of the world’s most popular pets, but how and when did these pest-control experts first become beloved members of the household? Exploring the archaeology of the domestic cat Today, cats are one of the world’s most popular pets, but how and when did these pest-control experts first become beloved members of the household? 36 12 20 26 c u r r e nt a r c h a e ol o g y When London burned Exploring the legacy of the Great Fire 001_CA318_Cover_final_MESC.indd 1 Cardigan Bay hillforts Were they designed for defence or display? Issue 318 21/07/2016 15:01 ON THE COVER Overlooking a Neolithic stone house at the Knap of Howar on Papa Westray, Orkney. IMAGE: Colin Richards REGULARS 46 Context The Mound in the Dark Grove: Bryn Celli Ddu, Anglesey 40 Conference With Hadrian’s Wall:40 years of frontier research just around the corner, this special section brings you the latest details on our specialist speakers, timings, and how to book Reviews The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe;The Celts; Creating Material Worlds 42 44 Featured review 46 Bearsden:A Roman fort on the Antonine Wall by David J Breeze Sherds Chris Catling’s irreverent take on heritage issues 48 Odd Socs Edinburgh World Heritage 50 2 current archaeology | www.archaeology.co.uk January 2014 | September 2016 |

currentcurrent archaeologycurrent

CONTENTS i ssue 318

(Vol.XXVII, No.6) | September 2016

I s s u e

I s s u e

3 1 8 |

3 1 8 | S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 6

S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 6

current current

THE UK’S BEST SELLING ARCHAEOLOGY MAGAZINE

September 2016

September 2016

Issue 318 | £4.50

Issue 318 | £4.50

C a r d i g a n B a y h i l l f o r t s |

C a r d i g a n B a y h i l l f o r t s |

G r e a t Fi r e o f L o n d o n | R u d y a r d L a k e b r a k e c o a c h |

G r e a t Fi r e o f L o n d o n | R u d y a r d L a k e b r a k e c o a c h |

N e o l i t h i c h o u s e s i n

N e o l i t h i c h o u s e s i n

O r k n e y |

O r k n e y |

D o m e s t i c c a t s

D o m e s t i c c a t s

Prehistoric Orkney www.archaeology.co.ukwww.archaeology.co.uk www.archaeology.co.uk

A tale of two Neolithics? A tale of two Neolithics?

UP FRONT

Letters

Your comments, complaints, and compliments

4

4

News Rare Roman belt buckle found in Leicester burial; Site of King Harold’s 1066 death relocated; Roman signals at Whirlow Hall Farm; Neolithic figurine rediscovered in Orkney; Extending the Roman frontier at Ipplepen; Vindolanda yields barrel of finds; Cannonball finds shoot for Pontefract’s past; Recording the Formby footprints; Scotland’s earliest known farming; Darwin’s bedroom restored

6

6

FEATURES COMMANDING THE LANDSCAPE

12

The hillforts of Cardigan Bay The mid Wales landscape is home to more than 100 atypical hillforts. How were these unusual monuments built? And what was their purpose – defence or display?

FIRE! FIRE!

20

How London burned in 1666 To mark 350 years since fire broke out in Pudding Lane, the Museum of London is staging a major exhibition examining how events unfolded. What light can the archaeological evidence shed on the historical accounts of those infernal days?

A VICTORIAN MISSING LINK

Excavating the Rudyard Lake brake coach We take a look at how the discovery of a vandalised holiday chalet is helping a local railway charity get an accessible heritage train on the tracks.

26

A TALE OF TWO NEOLITHICS?

30

Investigating the evolution of house societies in Orkney What do the findings from the Cuween-Wideford Landscape Project reveal about the Orcadian Neolithic? Was there an abrupt break between distinct ‘early’ and ‘late’ phases or a gentler transition between the two?

OF MOUSERS AND MEN

he archaeology of the domestic cat cats are one of the world’s most popular pets, but how and when did these pest-control experts first become beloved members of the household?

Exploring the archaeology of the domestic cat Today, cats are one of the world’s most popular pets, but how and when did these pest-control experts first become beloved members of the household?

36

12

20

26

c u r r e nt a r c h a e ol o g y

When London burned

Exploring the legacy of the Great Fire

001_CA318_Cover_final_MESC.indd 1

Cardigan Bay hillforts Were they designed for defence or display?

Issue 318

21/07/2016 15:01

ON THE COVER Overlooking a Neolithic stone house at the Knap of Howar on Papa Westray, Orkney.

IMAGE: Colin Richards

REGULARS

46

Context

The Mound in the Dark Grove: Bryn Celli Ddu, Anglesey

40

Conference

With Hadrian’s Wall:40 years of frontier research just around the corner, this special section brings you the latest details on our specialist speakers, timings, and how to book

Reviews

The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe;The Celts; Creating Material Worlds

42

44

Featured review 46 Bearsden:A Roman fort on the Antonine Wall by David J Breeze

Sherds

Chris Catling’s irreverent take on heritage issues

48

Odd Socs

Edinburgh World Heritage

50

2

current archaeology | www.archaeology.co.uk

January 2014 |

September 2016 |

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