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The Authors Craig Callender received his PhD in Philosophy in 1997 from Rutgers University with a thesis entitled Explaining Time's Arrow. He lectured at the London School of Economics from 1996-2000 in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, rising to the position of Senior Lecturer. He is now Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego. He has published in philosophy, physics and law journals and specializes in the philosophical foundations of physics. Ralph Edney trained as a mathematician, and has worked as a teacher, journalist and political cartoonist. He is the author of two graphic novels, and the illustrator of Introducing Philosophy and Introducing Fractal Geometry. He is also a cricket fanatic. Acknowledgements Craig Callender is very grateful to Lisa Callender and Pat McGovern for their generous help with a draft of this book. 172
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Index communication, time- Godel, Kurt 100-12 reversed 162 Gott,J.R.114 absolute time 18-23, Consortium, the 116 26-8, 166 All You Zombies 88 Aristotle 22-3 contradictions of logic Hafele, Joseph 92 76-83 Hawking, Stephen 78, conventionalism 28-9 117, 128 atomic clock 17-18, 21, Co-ordinated Universal heat, science of see 30-1,92 Augustine see St Augustine Avicenna 10 Time 17 thermodynamics cosmic string theory 114 Hogarth Phase 133 Counter-Clock World 133 hypothalamus 6 curvature 94-6 cylinder spacetime 99, Incompleteness Babylonians 5 106, 111, 131 Barbour, Julian 168 bending spacetime see day, division of 5 Theorem 100 infinite space 123-5 spacetime curvature Descartes, Rene 123 Keating, Richard 92 Bergson, Henri 1 O Dick, Philip K. 133 Kelvin, Lord 143 Big Bang, the 128-9, dimensions 38 157-8 Dirac, Paul 30-1 Big Crunch, the 158 biological clocks 6-7 Egan, Greg 163 block universe see tenseless theory Boltzmann, Ludwig 143-56 Egyptians 4 Einstein, Albert 27, 56-60,94 entropy, law of 141 , branching time 122, 126 148-60 Lewis, David 78 Liebniz, Gottfried 26-7 light, speed of Einstein 56-7 Galileo 58 Minkowski 60 Newton 59 spacetime 61 Broad, C. D. 36, 51 eternal recurrence 127 lightcones 62-4 evening primrose 7 and curvature 103-6 events, order of 11 singularity 129 calculus 26 Linnaeus, Carl 7 canonical quantum falling body, speed 19 logic and time travel gravity 164-7 causal loops 7 4-5 fifth dimension 96 Carnot, Sadi 141 contradiction 77-83 causal loops 74-5, 99, finite space 123-5 109-11 change and motion 44-9 and time 22-5 four-dimensional curvature see personal time 80-93 and physics 89 curvature time dilation 89-93 fourth dimension 37, 39 Wells, H. G. 68 Chronology Protection frames of reference 24 loops see causal loops theorem 117 cicada 7 circadian rhythm 6 Clausius, Rudolf 141 clocks 4, 12 atomic 17-18 most reliable 16 slowing see time dilation future 34, 43 Lorentz, H.A. 67 changing 84-8 compatibility 83 lightcones 62 Loschmidt Paradox 149 MacBeath, Murray 163 McTaggart,J.E.46-9 Galilean relativity 52-5 Malament, David 108 general relativity 169 Maxwell, James Clark Geroch, Robert 126 143 Gibbs, J. Willard 143 measuring time 14-15 God 26-7 melatonin 6

The Authors

Craig Callender received his PhD in Philosophy in 1997 from Rutgers University with a thesis entitled Explaining Time's Arrow. He lectured at the London School of Economics from 1996-2000 in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, rising to the position of Senior Lecturer. He is now Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego. He has published in philosophy, physics and law journals and specializes in the philosophical foundations of physics.

Ralph Edney trained as a mathematician, and has worked as a teacher, journalist and political cartoonist. He is the author of two graphic novels, and the illustrator of Introducing Philosophy and Introducing Fractal Geometry. He is also a cricket fanatic.

Acknowledgements

Craig Callender is very grateful to Lisa Callender and Pat McGovern for their generous help with a draft of this book.

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