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CONTENTS 1 Editorial 2 News & Notes 3 Letter from James Keery Reports Poems Lawrence Sail 4 Sincerely Sam Adams 5 Letter from Wales Nicolas Tredell 7 Jean-François Lyotard Nicolas Tredell 8 Boris Ford Sophie Hannah 9 Three Poems U Ján Ondrus 15 Three Poems (translated by James Sutherland-Smith and Martin Solotruk) Alison Brackenbury 21 Seven Poems Grevel Lindop 25 Three Poems Val Warner 26 After the Memorial Service Anne Stevenson 30 Spring Poem Patrick Mackie 30 A Translation (i.m. Octavio Paz) Paul Wilkins 31 Four Poems Robert Minhinnick 36 Two Poems Steven Blyth 37 Three Poems Helen Farish 41 Four Poems Owen Gallagher 42 Four Poems Articles Frederic Raphael 10 Notes Towards a Definition of Culturelessness Iain Bamforth 17 Learning to Sprawl Peter Scupham 22 Shelf Lives: 1: Keith Douglas Caroline Sylge 27 Robert Pinsky in Conversation Clive Wilmer 32 On Ignorance John Pilling 38 Rilke Before Malte Chris McCully 43 Against Transcendental Gossip: the symbolic language of rhythm Reviews Justin Quinn 46 on Hart Crane’s Correspondence Andrew Zawacki 47 on Derek Walcott’s The Bounty Vona Groarke 49 on Ruth Sharman, Patricia Beer, William Stafford and Charles Tomlinson Brian Henry 51 on Anna Rabinowitz David C. Ward 52 on John Koethe Michael Duggan 52 on Verse in English from Eighteenth-Century Ireland Joe Allard 53 on The Complete Sagas of Icelanders Jeremy Keens 55 on Douglas Hofstadter’s Le Ton beau de Marot Cover: C.H. Sisson’s The Herb Garden, a watercolour by Stephen Raw Subscriptions (six issues): £29.50 ($55.00) individuals £35.00 ($68.00) institutions to P N Review, 4th Floor, Conavon Court, 12‒16 Blackfriars Street Manchester M3 5BQ UK Copyright © 1998 POETRY NATION REVIEW All rights reserved ISSN 0144-7076 ISBN 1 85754 420 X General Editor MICHAEL SCHMIDT Co-ordinating Editor NEIL POWELL EDITORIAL OFFICE The Poetry Centre Department of English University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL Manuscripts should be sent to the editorial office and cannot be returned unless accompanied by a selfaddressed and stamped envelope or, for writers living abroad, by an international reply coupon. Typeset in Ehrhardt by XL Publishing Services Lurley, Tiverton Printed in England by SRP Limited, Exeter

EDITORIAL How can magazines like PN Review shorten the distance between their present constituency of readers and the emerging generation, now at school – at one of those schools whose librarians are currently looking a gift-horse in the mouth and deciding that the impressive library of classics offered gratis by a major publisher have no place in their school library? Books that those of us who have not been in a school library for years would imagine to be necessary, the givens of any self-respecting secondary school library: Homer, Plato, Virgil, Dante, Chaucer… The response of the tabloid and broadsheet press to the churlish rejection of the gift was predictable: what is our culture coming to, they cry with apocalyptic gusto. One can imagine in what spirit the vitriolic journalists conducting their telephone interviews with librarians, and then with stolid literary figures whose opinions matched their own, then how they steamed at their word-processors, and finally dumped their copy down the line to their papers where computers assist in the correction and presentation of their rage. Dumping copy down the very lines which they use to find information on the web, to order books, or pizzas, or pornography, or holidays. A literary magazine can hardly appeal to a generation, but if it has a future it must have elements of a shared past with its readers. ‘Spenser’ and ‘sonnet’ and ‘Modernist’ and ‘enjambement’ will mean something to each and all of them. A shared basic terminology, shared referents, do not imply homogeneity, but they do make dialogue possible. The fact that school librarians, pressed for space, have been reluctant to accept the Greeks Bearing Great Book Gifts and have given the reasons for their reluctance, provoked much commentary. It’s less a question of the future of literary magazines such as PN Review, which aspire to a ‘general readership’, more a question of future readership tout court. Beyond the schools, the universities. One positive development in the teaching of English literature in recent years has been the emergence of ESSE, the European Society for the Study of English, with several thousand members. Its conferences debate central pedagogic issues and, inevitably, the question of canonicity, with arguments and counterarguments that ‘great literature’ is being displaced by ‘relevant literature’, that within emerging post-colonial cultures ‘nationalism’ has a positive valency which in the older cultures – Britain, America – would be regarded as obscene, that Modernism is dead and we are moving beyond the post-Modern into more or less complete relativism, and that the book is an endangered commodity. If we make the effort to put ourselves in the place of a librarian in a secondary school or a university department, with limited resources (including shelf-space) and an uncertain constituency, we can begin to understand why a complete set – even free – of Dickens, occupying two feet on a shelf, along with Hardy and Defoe and Fielding and Dostoevsky, Flaubert, Cervantes, might appear a mixed blessing. Such books would not be used, whereas secondary literature on Carter, or Forster, or Amis, or Heaney, would be called down daily. It is not the fault of the librarian, who provides a service to the school or department, that books regarded as classics seem an impediment rather than a resource. What the librarian needs is screens, keyboards, the web and its fluid treasures. In fact, instead of physical texts what the modern library requires is on-screen literature, primary and secondary. The words are all there, the characters and cadences and structures, but delivered in a different, less space-greedy form. Secondary literature, too, can be provided in this form. The old microfilm libraries were an awkward foretaste of this modern possibility, that a tiny village library or the most underfunded school can give readers flickering access to positively Bodleyan resources. The reader cannot take such texts (they are no longer books) off the shelf, or scrawl in the margins. Bits can be downloaded and taken home, but the screen, with its inexhaustible wealth, remains in the library. There are disadvantages, but there is the potential advantage of universal access, of a democratic cyberspace and the great works unchained, floating in the ether, awaiting the keystroke which will draw them into their fixed sequence. Given the search mechanisms available, it is possible for an ambitious student to trace phrases, constructions and forms through from Chaucer and Gower to Auden and Larkin, or to move backwards from Pound into those elements that constituted Pound’s memory and imagination. A defining technology of post-Modernism, the random access available today can become the instrument which reverses the post-Modern and makes Modernism not only comprehensible but viable once more. It is all a question of how the technology is used, and who instructs the student in its use. The treason of the clerks in recent decades has been scepticism about the new resources: do they not trivialise or degrade canonical texts? But what has been held sacred is the book rather than the words and structures that the book conventionally contains. Academics are content to use e-mail or to establish personal and departmental web-sites, even to devise elaborate search mechanisms for and within texts; but the book or ‘refereed journal’ is generally regarded as the ultimate receptacle of their serious findings, its apparent permanence, its possessability, providing concrete proof of intellectual endeavour of the kind which research appraisal exercises that determine university funding recognise. Those of us who prefer to hold words on paper, propped on our chests in bed, on a table in the evening, on a knee in the garden, to riffle through the old-fashioned random access structures of magazines, indexes, anthologies, can become reactionary when the web and its resources are advocated. Yet if I was the librarian of a crowded school, with limited space and conflicting claims on a diminishing budget, I would welcome the gift of a hundred classic titles a little coolly, knowing that at most five or six would be borrowed each term. Five or six might be a sufficient beginning; but if I was offered the opportunity to provide pupils – at a reasonable cost – with the huge resources of a major library, via a cable and a screen, I would repeat to myself the PN Review 123 1

Page Text

CONTENTS

1 Editorial 2 News & Notes 3 Letter from James Keery

Reports

Poems

Lawrence Sail 4 Sincerely

Sam Adams 5 Letter from Wales Nicolas Tredell 7 Jean-François Lyotard Nicolas Tredell 8 Boris Ford

Sophie Hannah 9 Three Poems

U

Ján Ondrus 15 Three Poems (translated by James Sutherland-Smith and

Martin Solotruk)

Alison Brackenbury 21 Seven Poems

Grevel Lindop 25 Three Poems

Val Warner 26 After the Memorial Service Anne Stevenson 30 Spring Poem Patrick Mackie 30 A Translation (i.m. Octavio Paz)

Paul Wilkins 31 Four Poems Robert Minhinnick 36 Two Poems

Steven Blyth 37 Three Poems Helen Farish 41 Four Poems Owen Gallagher 42 Four Poems

Articles

Frederic Raphael 10 Notes Towards a Definition of Culturelessness

Iain Bamforth 17 Learning to Sprawl Peter Scupham 22 Shelf Lives: 1: Keith Douglas Caroline Sylge 27 Robert Pinsky in Conversation

Clive Wilmer 32 On Ignorance

John Pilling 38 Rilke Before Malte Chris McCully 43 Against Transcendental Gossip: the symbolic language of rhythm

Reviews

Justin Quinn 46 on Hart Crane’s Correspondence Andrew Zawacki 47 on Derek Walcott’s The Bounty

Vona Groarke 49 on Ruth Sharman, Patricia Beer, William Stafford and

Charles Tomlinson

Brian Henry 51 on Anna Rabinowitz David C. Ward 52 on John Koethe Michael Duggan 52 on Verse in English from Eighteenth-Century Ireland

Joe Allard 53 on The Complete Sagas of Icelanders Jeremy Keens 55 on Douglas Hofstadter’s Le Ton beau de Marot

Cover: C.H. Sisson’s The Herb Garden, a watercolour by Stephen Raw

Subscriptions (six issues): £29.50 ($55.00) individuals £35.00 ($68.00) institutions to P N Review, 4th Floor, Conavon Court, 12‒16 Blackfriars Street Manchester M3 5BQ UK

Copyright © 1998 POETRY NATION REVIEW

All rights reserved

ISSN 0144-7076 ISBN 1 85754 420 X

General Editor MICHAEL SCHMIDT Co-ordinating Editor NEIL POWELL

EDITORIAL OFFICE The Poetry Centre Department of English University of Manchester

Manchester M13 9PL

Manuscripts should be sent to the editorial office and cannot be returned unless accompanied by a selfaddressed and stamped envelope or, for writers living abroad, by an international reply coupon.

Typeset in Ehrhardt by XL Publishing Services

Lurley, Tiverton

Printed in England by SRP Limited, Exeter

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