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perhaps nowhere more clearly demonstrated than in C. L. R. James’s conclusion to his 1967 London talk ‘Black Power’ that ‘no clearer or stronger voice for socialism has ever been raised in the US … the socialist society is not a hope, not what we may hope, but a compelling necessity.’11

University of California, Santa Barbara JORDAN T. CAMP

References 1 C. L. R. James, ‘Black Power’, talk presented in London, 1967, .   2 Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism: the making of the Black radical tradition (Chapel Hill,

University of North Carolina Press, 1983).   3 James, ‘Black Power’, op. cit.   4 A. Sivanandan, A Different Hunger: writings on Black resistance (London, Pluto Press,

1982), pp. 23, 34.   5 See Nikhil Pal Singh, ‘The Black Panthers and the undeveloped country of the Left’,

in Charles Jones, ed., The Black Panther Party Reconsidered (Baltimore, Black Classic Press, 1998), pp. 84-7; Peniel E. Joseph, Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour: a narrative history of Black Power in America (New York, Holt Paperbacks, 2006).   6 See Vijay Prashad, The Darker Nations: a people’s history of the Third World (New York,

The New Press, 2007).   7 The late editor, poet, author and surrealist activist Franklin Rosemont – who had long printed radical social thought for the freedom struggles of the working class and people of colour – was involved as a publisher at Kerr during the publication of this text, before his death in April 2009.   8 W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: an essay toward a history of the part which Black folk played in the attempt to reconstruct democracy in America, 1860–1880 (New York, Atheneum, 1962 [1935]); C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (London, Secker and Warburg/ New York, Vintage, 1963[1938]); Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1944); Rod Bush, We Are Not What We Seem: Black nationalism and class struggle in the American century (New York, NYU Press, 2000).   9 Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Golden Gulag: prisons, surplus, crisis, and opposition in globalizing

California (Berkeley, University of California Press, 2007), p. 25. 10 Jordon T. Camp, ‘ “We know this place”: neoliberal racial regimes and the Katrina circumstance’, American Quarterly (Vol. 61, no. 3, September 2009). 11 James, ‘Black Power’, op. cit.