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THE LITERARY GUIDE :

A M O N T H L Y R E C O R D A N D R E V I E IV O F I N T E L L E C T U A L P R O G R E S S .

No. 124.]

A P R IL 1, 1896.

[ P r i c e O n e P e n n y .

N E JV P U B L I C A T IO N S .

M r . F. J . G o u l d has the third volume of his “ Concise History of Religion ” now well in hand. It will deal with the early Christians, Paul, Jesus, and the Christian, heretical, Jewish, and other literature of the first two centuries.

M e s s r s . K e g a n P a u l have nearly ready for publication a volume entitled “ Knowledge, Duty, and Faith,” being suggestions for the study of principles taught by typical thinkers, ancient and modern, and addressed to students in University Extension Classes, by the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, Bart. The book is an endeavour to put before young people the great principles now under discussion by Agnostics and dogmatists.

M e s s r s . W i l l i a m s & N o r g a t e will shortly publish the second volume of Kittel’s “ History of the Hebrews,” translated by the Rev. Hope W. Hogg and the Rev. E. B. Speirs, B.D., under the immediate supervision of Professor Cheyne, of Oxford. We have nothing in English corresponding to Professor Kittel’s work, which, while written from the standpoint of the higher criticism, is eminently cautious in tone, and gives special prominence to the data supplied by archaeological research.

M r . G. J . H o l y o a k e has ready for press his new volume on “ The Origin and Nature of Secularism,” which will, in all probability, be his last pronouncement to the heterodox world. Previous to publication in book form the work will appear concurrently in the F reeth in ker (England) and the Open Court (Chicago, U.S.A.).

A n e w and enlarged edition of “ Songs of Love and Duty, for the Young ” (6d.), is being prepared for publication, and will be issued at an early date.

T h e debate held last year at Derby between Mr. G. W. Foote and Mr. W. T. Lee, on “ Theism and Atheism : Which is the More Reasonable ?” (is.), will be published this month.

M e s s r s . B e l l are about to publish a new edition, in “ Bohn’s Library,” of Harriet Martineau’s condensation of Comte’s “ Positive Philosophy.” Mr. Frederic Harrison has written an introduction, and has added a condensed translation of the concluding portion of Comte’s work, which was omitted by Miss Martineau.

M r . H. S. S a l t will shortly issue a new volume— in part a reprint of his earlier works—under the title of “ Percy Bysshe Shelley, Poet and Pioneer.”

Mr. G. W. F o o t e is engaged on a scathing criticism of Mr. Wilson Barrett’s “ The Sign of the Cross.” It will be published immediately in cheap booklet form.

O U R L I B R A R Y S H E ! V E S .

HUXLEY’S COLLECTED ESSAYS.— V II. P o n g o s , orangs, gorillas, diagrams of dogs’ eggs (the reader should not suspect a printer’s error), teeth, skulls, skeletons, etc., all tell the eye that Huxley is here recounting the amazing tale of man’s development from ancestors in the Garden of—Brutes. His most famous book, in fact, is

“ m a n ’ s p l a c e i n n a t u r e ;

and Other Anthropological Essays ” (Macmillan ; 328 p p . ; 3s.). The title, “ Man’s Place in Nature,” covers three chapters touching (1) the natural history of the man-like apes; (2) the relations of man to the lower animals; and (3) some fossil remains of man. The Professor first sums up the history of discovery as regards the ape-tribe. Since Andrew Battell brought to England his account of the Pongo of Angola, two centuries and a half have passed away [this was written in 1863], “ and it has taken nearly that time to arrive at the clear result that there are four distinct kinds of anthropoids— in Eastern Asia, the Gibbons and the Orangs; in Western Africa, the Chimpanzees and the Gorilla.” We extract a portraiture of our undistinguished relatives :—

“ The man-like apes have certain characteristics of structure and of distribution in common. Thus they all have the same number of teeth as man—possessing four incisors, two canines, four false molars, and six true molars in each jaw, or 32 teeth in all, in the adult condition ; while the milk dentition consists of 20 teeth —or four incisors, two canines, and four molars in each jaw. They are what are called catarrhine apes—that is, their nostrils have a narrow partition and look downwards; and, furthermore, their arms are always longer than their legs, the difference being sometimes greater and sometimes le ss; so that, if the four were arranged in the order of the length of their arms in proportion to that of their legs, we should have this series : Orang ( i | —1), Gibbon ( i j —1), Gorilla ( i y —1), Chimpanzee ( 1 ^ —1). In all, the fore limbs are terminated by hands, provided with longer or shorter thumbs; while the great toe of the foot, always smaller than in Man, is far more movable than in him, and can be opposed, like a thumb, to the rest of the foot. None of these apes have tails, and none of them possess the cheek-pouches common among monkeys. Finally, they are all inhabitants of the Old World.” Following on sections descriptive of the manners and customs of these anthropoids, comes the celebrated diagram of the five skeletons—gibbon, orang, chimpanzee, gorilla, man—a pictorial conception of the Ascent of Man which ought to dignify the wall of every school in the civilised area of the globe. To our shame be it said, Christendom still teaches its juvenile population that mankind, instead of having struggled gloriously upwards from the stooping, howling, and grimacing ape, have marched downgrade