Frame, Janet 155 Freud, Sigmund 108, 117, 120–3 Gautier, Théophile 64–5 gay and lesbian studies 145–50 gender, as performance 149–50 gender studies 142–4 Genette, Gérard 103 genre criticism 103 grand narrative 110, 130 Greenblatt, Stephen 128–30, 132 Griffiths, Gareth 155 gynocriticism 139 Hall, Radclyffe 146 Hall, Stuart 134 Hardy, Thomas 8 Harkness, Margaret 116 Hartman, Geoffrey 96 Hegel, G.W.F. 108, 127 Hellenism 54 Herder, Johann Gottfried von 127 hermeneutic 91, 108, 125, 170 heroic couplets 32, 171 Herrick, Robert 39 heteronormativity 142, 144, 148, 171 historicism 118, 127–34 Hocquengham, Guy 145 Hoffman, E.T.A. 120 Hoggart, Richard 134 Homer 17, 18–19, 25, 33, 112 homosociality 148 Horace 30, 33 Horkheimer, Max 117 Hugo, Victor 43 humanism 30, 69, 171 humility 12–13 Husserl, Edmund 91 hybridity 159 hyper-refinement 58, 63 ideal republic 14–17 idealism 45–6

imagination 28, 41–3, 162 imitation 11, 16, 26, 48 immaterialism 45 individualism 41, 47 Industrial Revolution 49, 54 intentions, author’s 89, 92, 125 interdisciplinarity 96 intersectionality 140–1 Irigaray, Luce 110 Jakobson, Roman 91, 92, 94 James, Henry 84, 126 Jameson, Fredric 118 Jefferies, Richard 161 Johnson, Dr Samuel 34, 45, 76, 84 Jonson, Ben 5–6, 34, 70 knowledge, for its own sake 62–3 Kristeva, Julia 110 Kroeber, Karl 166 Lacan, Jacques 123 language, literary vs spoken 48, 82, 88, 93–4 langue 97–8 Leavis, F.R. 84–5 Lévi-Strauss, Claude 101, 103, 108 Levinson, Marjorie 50 liberal humanism 53 literary culture, professionalization 58–63 locus of meaning 90 logocentrism 108 Lorde, Audre 140 Lovelace, Richard 39 Lu Xun 4 Lukács, Georg 115–18 Lyotard, Jean-François 110 Mailer, Norman 136 Mann, Thomas 115 Marcuse, Herbert 117–18 Marlowe, Christopher 70 Marvell, Andrew 38 Marx, Karl 111–13, 117, 127 Marxist literary theory 111–19, 154

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mass culture 117¬–18, 134 materialist historicism 133 Maurice, F.D. 57 McGann, Jerome J. 50 metaphor 29, 171 methodologies of criticism 95 Middleton, Thomas 70 Mill, John Stuart 135 Millett, Kate 136 Milton, John 37, 84 mimesis 11, 14–16, 18–20, 26, 59, 66, 96, 171 modernism 71, 115 modes of operation 92 Moi, Toril 139 morality of poetry 7, 28– 9

of criticism 7, 64–5, 84 Morris, William 58, 66 Murry, John Middleton 63 myth 101, 103 Naipaul, V.S. 155 Narayan, R.K. 155 narratology 103 nationalism 156, 159–60 nature 8, 31–2, 35, 48, 166–7 nature writing 161–3 negritude 153 neoclassicism 35–6, 171 New Criticism 87–90, 92, 95, 128–9 New Historicism 50, 128– 34 Newman, Cardinal John Henry 62–3 Nichol, John 56 Nkosi, Lewis 155 noumena 44 objectivism 44, 85, 171

subjectivism vs 35, 44, 85 Oedipus 121–2 oeuvre 76, 171 order 68–9 Orientalism 157