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Index achromatopsia 105 agnosia 1 08-1 0 Alzheimer 's disease 100 amnesia 94, 148 amygdala 80, 83-4, 164 Anomic aphasia 60 anosognosia 150 aphasia 24, 56-62 apraxia see ideomotor apraxia arcuate fasciculus 63 area 46 136 associative agnosia 109 attention 124-9 autism 165 axon 31, 33, 35 Ba.lint's syndrome 114 basal ganglia 43, 74 basis pedunculi 41 blindsight 131-3 body ego 78, 149-50 see also self brain 12-13 , 160 cells see neurons damage to 23-4 , 45 development of 39 hemispheres see hemispheres history 4-5 motor functions 24, 25, 26 parts of 40-5 ventricles 17-18 Broca's aphasia 24, 56 Capgras delusion 158-9 cell theory 30 central executive 136-7 cerebellum 12, 22, 40 damage to 73 memory location 98 chemical brain 35-6 cognitive map 122-3 colours 62, 104-5, 166 computers 54 comparing brain to160-1 connectiv ity 46 conscious functions 10 visual perception 114 consciousness 130-8 see also free will corpus callosum 44, 103, 116 cortex12,26,27,32,44 delusions 156-9 dendrites 31, 33, 35 depression 88 Descartes, Rene18 dopamine 36, 43, 154 drugs, effects of 36, 151-3 electric brain 33-4 electrodes 33 electrotherapy 19-20 electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) 5 emotional brain see limbic system emotions brain hemispheres 86-8 and decision-making 90-1 expressing 7 and the mind 11 and reason 89 epilepsy 34, 80, 111, 116, 151-3 excitatory connections 33 extrapyramidal fibres 70 fear 81-5 Flourens, Marie-Jean-Pierre 22 forebrain 39, 42 form agnosia 1 08, 114-15 freewill 6, 11, 139, 144-5 Fritsch, Gustav 23 frontal lobe 90, 107, 141-3 Galen, on the brain 15 Gall, Franz 21 Galvanism 20, 22 glial cells 31 Goltz 26 grey matter 32 gyri 32 174
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habituation 47 Hawking, Stephen 73 Head, Henry 28 hearing 24 Heider experiment 167 hemispheres 12, 44 emotions 86-8 language 65 spatial representation 122-3 vision 103, 105, 112-20 see also split brain hindbrain 39-40 hippocampus 43, 79, 123 Hitzig, Edouard 23 hormones 37 Hughlings-Jackson, John 27, 28 Huntington's disease 7 4, 154 hypothalamus 42, 79, 82 ideomotor apraxia 76 inhibitory connections 33 tuning 69 James, William 144 language and the brain 55-67 Lashley, Karl 26, 99 lateral geniculate nucleus 103 learning, perceptual 95 left hemisphere see hemispheres neglect see spatial neglect parietal lobe see parietal lobe limbic system 43, 79-82 damage to 90-1 epilepsy 151 prosopagnosia 11 0-11 lobes 45 see also frontal lobe; occipital lobe; parietal lobe; temporal lobe localization 23-6, 64 locus coeruleus 130, 151 Luria, Alexander 29 medulla 40 memory 46, 92-100 complexity 100 location 98-9 procedural 97 storage 95 see also working memory midbrain 39, 41 mind 9, 52 attempt to define 10-11 and body integration 46 evolution of 162 mental faculties 17 of other creatures 49-51 reading 164 motion blindness 106 motor neurone disease 73 motor system 24, 25, 26, 57 damage to 73-5 described 72 free will 139 see also movement; primary motor cortex movement 11, 68-78 multiple sclerosis 31 narrative self 138, 146-7 neglect see object-based neglect; spatial neglect neo-cortex 44 nervous system 20, 30 neurons 31, 33 neurotransmitters 36 nuclei 32 object agnosia 108 -based neglect 129 occipital lobe 62, 104, 107 orienting response 124 pain, lack of experience of 166 paralysis 73 parietal lobe 76,107, 114, 127 Parkinson's disease 36, 41 , 43, 7 4 175

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Index achromatopsia 105 agnosia 1 08-1 0 Alzheimer 's disease 100 amnesia 94, 148 amygdala 80, 83-4, 164 Anomic aphasia 60 anosognosia 150 aphasia 24, 56-62 apraxia see ideomotor apraxia arcuate fasciculus 63 area 46 136 associative agnosia 109 attention 124-9 autism 165 axon 31, 33, 35

Ba.lint's syndrome 114 basal ganglia 43, 74 basis pedunculi 41 blindsight 131-3 body ego 78, 149-50

see also self brain 12-13 , 160

cells see neurons damage to 23-4 , 45 development of 39 hemispheres see hemispheres history 4-5 motor functions 24, 25, 26 parts of 40-5 ventricles 17-18 Broca's aphasia 24, 56

Capgras delusion 158-9 cell theory 30 central executive 136-7 cerebellum 12, 22, 40

damage to 73 memory location 98 chemical brain 35-6 cognitive map 122-3 colours 62, 104-5, 166 computers 54

comparing brain to160-1 connectiv ity 46

conscious functions 10 visual perception 114 consciousness 130-8

see also free will corpus callosum 44, 103, 116 cortex12,26,27,32,44

delusions 156-9 dendrites 31, 33, 35 depression 88 Descartes, Rene18 dopamine 36, 43, 154 drugs, effects of 36, 151-3

electric brain 33-4 electrodes 33 electrotherapy 19-20 electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) 5 emotional brain see limbic system emotions brain hemispheres 86-8 and decision-making 90-1 expressing 7 and the mind 11 and reason 89 epilepsy 34, 80, 111, 116, 151-3 excitatory connections 33 extrapyramidal fibres 70

fear 81-5 Flourens, Marie-Jean-Pierre 22 forebrain 39, 42 form agnosia 1 08, 114-15 freewill 6, 11, 139, 144-5 Fritsch, Gustav 23 frontal lobe 90, 107, 141-3

Galen, on the brain 15 Gall, Franz 21 Galvanism 20, 22 glial cells 31 Goltz 26 grey matter 32 gyri 32

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