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– MARINA WARNER – a liminal openness, like a proverbial woman buried in a romantic novel, like a patient on the couch accessing the unconscious, or like the medium of wax before it takes shape and identity. The artist Cornelia Parker has worked powerfully with things as links across time and space, with the connective tissue of former possessions, with nostalgic memorabilia, and has developed a new genre of visual pleasure that nevertheless casts Marie Tussaud as an unlikely foremother of contemporary art. In a memorable show at the Serpentine Gallery, London, in 1995, Parker assembled objects with all kinds of direct associations, some quirky, some poignant, some absurdist (a strand of hair from Freud’s couch). But the centrepiece was called ‘The Maybe’, and it called the bluff of the waxwork effigy: here was a Sleeping Beauty – for real. The actress Tilda Swinton lay sleeping in a glass case all day, and we the visitors could watch her for as long as we liked. She wore ordinary day clothes, without adornment, without covers, with her spectacles by her side within reach. She moved, she breathed, she stirred, but she didn’t wake or get up, and she remained on the other side of the glass, out of our reach.16 This was a sight to provoke sighs of wonder and pleasure, truly. It recalled the secrecy and intimacy and peace of watching another sleep – a loved one, a child. It gave permission to do something in this case forbidden, to be close to a stranger who is a great beauty and 120
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– On the Threshold – watch her while she was absent, mind-voyaging in her sleep and maybe her dreams. The glass box turned her into an exhibit, and it excited anxiety that she might suffocate and lose that connection to life that made her presence at an art exhibition so peculiarly thrilling. All this sharpened the experience. The title of the piece, ‘The Maybe’, captured its ambiguity as a perfect example of the uncanny, replicating in its undecidable status as art the mysterious, undecidable character of consciousness in sleep and of relations between self and sleeper. What was she in this living sculpture? Did she become a work of art, even though she was not in any sense fabricated? Can Duchamp’s challenge (the urinal as pure form) and Magritte’s echoing paradox (‘Ceci n’est pas une pipe’) be applied to a living being who is just happening to sleep in public? (After all, lots of tired commuters can be watched doing this daily.) The questions finger, and their resistance to solution throws a slanted light on relations of ‘The Maybe’ with the uncanny nature of the effigy and the waxwork. With a famous essay, Freud has planted the idea of ‘the uncanny’ in the very ground of contemporary discussion of art and representation. Freud begins his thoughts on the unheimlich, or ‘unhomely’, with the suggestion, made earlier by E. Jentsch, that the disquiet stirred by waxworks or automata arises from their ever protracted undecided state, between life and notlife. They appear to be alive, yet are not. But Freud is interested in the heimlich, or homely, aspect of the 121

– MARINA WARNER –

a liminal openness, like a proverbial woman buried in a romantic novel, like a patient on the couch accessing the unconscious, or like the medium of wax before it takes shape and identity.

The artist Cornelia Parker has worked powerfully with things as links across time and space, with the connective tissue of former possessions, with nostalgic memorabilia, and has developed a new genre of visual pleasure that nevertheless casts Marie Tussaud as an unlikely foremother of contemporary art. In a memorable show at the Serpentine Gallery, London, in 1995, Parker assembled objects with all kinds of direct associations, some quirky, some poignant, some absurdist (a strand of hair from Freud’s couch). But the centrepiece was called ‘The Maybe’, and it called the bluff of the waxwork effigy: here was a Sleeping Beauty – for real. The actress Tilda Swinton lay sleeping in a glass case all day, and we the visitors could watch her for as long as we liked. She wore ordinary day clothes, without adornment, without covers, with her spectacles by her side within reach. She moved, she breathed, she stirred, but she didn’t wake or get up, and she remained on the other side of the glass, out of our reach.16

This was a sight to provoke sighs of wonder and pleasure, truly. It recalled the secrecy and intimacy and peace of watching another sleep – a loved one, a child. It gave permission to do something in this case forbidden, to be close to a stranger who is a great beauty and

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