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– PEACEFUL LIFE – not for ‘pairing’ with the enemy in war, but to prevent war. To be prepared so to use it demands courage: the cour­age Samson showed when he pulled down the pillars of the temple. Samson sacrificed himself by making it perfectly clear now that the next war will be an atomic war: that, without regard to the atom bombs Russia may have, or her intention, or lack of intention, to use them, at the first move­ment of Communist troops against any country in the West, Moscow will be wiped out: we shall take the risk of sacrific­ing ourselves. It is a small risk compared with the certainty of war otherwise; a cheaply-bought risk for those of us who would far sooner die under an atom bomb than live under the Kremlin. Unfortunately there are many good people, both in Britain and, more importantly, in America, who cannot bring them­selves to accept the atom bomb as within the limits of what they call ‘legitimate warfare’. Perhaps because I became a Pacifist on impersonal grounds, before I had experienced the horrors or even the discomforts of war, I consider all war, from the wars of the Israelites onwards, to be horrible, and all weapons of war, from the sword and the club and the spear onwards, to be barbarous. Every distinction between weapons of war as legitimate and illegitimate, as acceptable by, or re­pugnant to, humanity, is one more admission that war itself is acceptable and legitimate, so long as it is conducted in some fashion hallowed by previous exercise. If war is to be abolished, it 160
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– Put Out More Flags – will not be abolished by pretending that one method of killing is pleasing to God, and another displeasing; by accepting gratefully 200 raids with ordinary bombs which kill 1,000 ‘civilians’ apiece, and exhibiting sanctimonious horror at one raid with an atomic bomb which kills the same number of ‘civilians’, and spares 20,000 airmen’s lives. I put the civilians into inverted commas to show that they have not yet got into uniform. I have never understood why the death of a clerk, a ploughman or a poet calls for a greater compassion from man, and a severer condemnation from God, if he should still be wearing his ordinary clothes. The object of aggressive war (however wrong) is to impose the national will upon another nation by the destruction of so much of its resources, human and material, that it can defend itself no longer. The object of defensive war (however right) is to resist that imposition by an even greater destruction of the enemy’s resources, human and material. The human re­sources of a nation are every man, woman and child belonging to it. Yes, even children. Children in 1939 were young men and women in 1945, serving their country. For war is hell, and it is not possible to contract out of all responsibility for hell by a high-minded disapproval of one particular mode of torture; nor would it be edifying to single out for disapproval the mode which particularly threatened oneself. A conscience which is outraged by the atom bomb should have been 161

– PEACEFUL LIFE –

not for ‘pairing’ with the enemy in war, but to prevent war. To be prepared so to use it demands courage: the cour­age Samson showed when he pulled down the pillars of the temple. Samson sacrificed himself by making it perfectly clear now that the next war will be an atomic war: that, without regard to the atom bombs Russia may have, or her intention, or lack of intention, to use them, at the first move­ment of Communist troops against any country in the West, Moscow will be wiped out: we shall take the risk of sacrific­ing ourselves. It is a small risk compared with the certainty of war otherwise; a cheaply-bought risk for those of us who would far sooner die under an atom bomb than live under the Kremlin.

Unfortunately there are many good people, both in Britain and, more importantly, in America, who cannot bring them­selves to accept the atom bomb as within the limits of what they call ‘legitimate warfare’. Perhaps because I became a Pacifist on impersonal grounds, before I had experienced the horrors or even the discomforts of war, I consider all war, from the wars of the Israelites onwards, to be horrible, and all weapons of war, from the sword and the club and the spear onwards, to be barbarous. Every distinction between weapons of war as legitimate and illegitimate, as acceptable by, or re­pugnant to, humanity, is one more admission that war itself is acceptable and legitimate, so long as it is conducted in some fashion hallowed by previous exercise. If war is to be abolished, it

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